Edward Royle Chartism, Longman, 3rd ed., 1996, Asa Briggs Chartism, Sutton, 1998, Richard Brown Chartism, Cambridge, 1998, Harry Browne Chartism, Hodder & Stoughton, 1999, John Walton Chartism, Routledge, 1999 and Eric Evans Chartism, Longman, 2000 form the most accessible general studies.
F.C. Mather Chartism, London, 1965 and J.R. Dinwiddy Chartism, London, 1987 are brief surveys. More detailed studies are Asa Briggs (ed.) Chartist Studies, Macmillan, 1959, James Epstein and Dorothy Thompson (eds.) The Chartist Experience: Studies in Working Class Radicalism and Culture 1830-1860, Macmillan, 1982, David Jones Chartism and the Chartists, Allen Lane, 1975, Dorothy Thompson The Chartists: Popular Politics in the Industrial Revolution, Aldershot, 1984 and J.T. Ward Chartism, London, 1973. Malcolm Chase Chartism: A New History, Manchester University Press, 2007 must now be regarded as the most up-to-date study. John Charlton The Chartists: the First National Workers’ movement, Pluto Press, 1997 is a brief class-based analysis. Edward Royle Revolutionary Britannia?, Manchester University Press, 2001 examines the extent of Britain’s revolutionary potential from the 1790s through to Chartism. Stephen Roberts (ed.) The People’s Charter: Democratic Agitation in Early Victorian England, Merlin Press, 2003 reprints key articles on Chartism by Eileen Yeo, Malcolm Chase, Philip Howell and Roberts himself. It also contains valuable primary materials.
Useful summaries of the historiography of Chartism can be found in Dorothy Thompson ‘Chartism and the historians’, in Outsiders. Class, Gender and Nation, Virago, 1993, pages 19-44 and John Charlton The Chartists: The First National Workers’ Movement, Pluto Press, 1997, pages 90-95. Miles Taylor ‘Rethinking the Chartists: Searching for synthesis in the historiography of Chartism’, Historical Journal, volume 39, (1996), pages 479-495 is undoubtedly the best summary of where debates on Chartism had got to by the mid-1990s.
R.G. Gammage The History of the Chartist Movement, from its Commencement Down to the Present Times, 1st ed., London, 1855, 2nd ed., Newcastle, 1894. A useful discussion of Gammage and his History, especially the differences between the two editions, can be found in Joyce Bellamy and John Saville (eds.) Dictionary of Labour History, volume vi, London, 1982, pages 114-117 and in John Saville’s introduction to the 1969 reprint.
There were, broadly two traditions in writing about Chartism: the Fabian and Marxist perspectives. Mark Hovell The Chartist Movement, Manchester University Press 1918 is the best exponent of the Fabian position. However, he needs to be read in relation to H. U. Faulkner Chartism and the Churches, F. F. Rosenblatt The Chartist Movement in its Social and Economic Aspects and P. W. Slossom The Decline of the Chartist Movement, all published New York, 1916 and Julius West History of Chartism, London 1920 and E Dolléans Le Chartisme, Paris, 1914. Theodore Rothstein From Chartism to Labourism, London, 1929 and Reg Groves But We Shall Rise Again, London, 1938 exemplify the Marxist position.
The post-modern approach is best explored in Patrick Joyce Visions of the People, Cambridge University Press, 1991 and Democratic subjects, Cambridge University Press, 1994 and James Vernon Politics and the People, Cambridge, 1993 and Vernon (ed.) Re-reading the constitution, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Wednesday, 12 September 2007
Tuesday, 11 September 2007
Chartism Bibliography: Context
It is important to place Chartism in the context of the ‘radical tradition’ that developed after the end of the French Wars in 1815.
Radical Politics 1815-1830
Luddism was largely over by 1815 but Malcolm Thomis The Luddites: Machine-breaking in Regency England, David & Charles, 1970 still needs to be consulted, if only for his discussion of the relationship between Luddism and the emergence of the working class. Anthony Randall Before the Luddites: Custom, community and machinery in the English woollen industry 1776-1809, Cambridge University Press, 1991 places Luddism in a longer context and is particularly valuable for its discussion of community and cultural opposition to new technology. There are three valuable critiques of Edward Thompson’s book The Making of the English Working Class, first published in 1963: Bryan Palmer The Making of E.P. Thompson: Marxism, Humanism and History, Toronto, 1981, H.J. Kaye The British Marxist Historians, Polity, 1984, pages 167-220 and H.J. Kaye and D. McClelland E .P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, Polity, 1990.
R.J. White Waterloo to Peterloo, Heinemann, 1957 is a useful, stylist, if rather dated, study of this period. F.O. Darvell Popular Disturbances and Public Order in Regency England, London, 1934, reprinted 1969 is still valuable. They should be read in conjunction with various monographs on specific events. J. Stevens England’s Last Revolution: Pentrich 1817, Moorland Press, 1977 is a detailed local study. There are four contrasting books on Peterloo. Donald Read Peterloo: The ‘massacre’ and its background, Manchester, 1958 provides a clear narrative. R. Walmsley Peterloo: the case reopened, Manchester University Press, 1969 is a detailed study that overreacts in its defence of government, local and national. Joyce Marlow The Peterloo Massacre, London, 1969, is a popular account and R. Reid The Peterloo Massacre, Heinemann, 1989 a more recent narrative. P. Lawson ‘Reassessing Peterloo’, History Today, March 1988 provides valuable insights.
J. A. Hone For the Cause of Truth: Radicalism in London 1796-1821, Oxford University Press, 1982 is a detailed account and should be read in conjunction with Ian Prothero Artisans and Politics in Early Nineteenth Century London, Dawson, 1978. P. Berresford Ellis and Seumas Mac A’ Ghobhainn The Scottish Insurrection of 1820, Gollancz, 1970, reprinted 2003 is the best introduction to a neglected event. On the problem of riots see A. Calder-Marshall ‘The Spa Fields Riots’, History Today, (1971), pages 407-15, S.H. Palmer ‘Before the Bobbies: The Caroline Riots of 1821’, History Today, (1977), pages 637-44. On the revolutionary aspects of the period, see John Stanhope The Cato Street Conspiracy, 1962 and Ian McCalman Radical Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries and Pornographers in London 1795-1840, Cambridge University Press, 1988 and his simpler article ‘Radical Rogues and Blackmailers’, History Today, (May 1988). John Belchem ‘Orator’ Hunt: Henry Hunt and English Working Class Radicalism, Oxford University Press, 1985 is an excellent biography, though his article on the same subject in History Today in March 1985 is simpler.
Marc W. Steinberg Fighting Words: Working-Class Formative Collective Action and Discourse in Early Nineteenth-Century England, Cornell University Press, 1999 examines how discourse determined collective action in the 1820s and 1830s. David Worrall Radical Culture: Discourse, Resistance and Surveillance, 1790-1820, Harvester, 1992 is especially good on ultra-radicals and the Cato Street Conspiracy. James Epstein Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual and Symbol in England, 1790-1850, Oxford University Press, 1994 reprints five of his major essays including the invaluable ‘The Constitutionalist Idiom’ and In Practice: Studies in the Language and Culture of Popular Politics in Modern Britain, Stanford University Press, 2003 reprints six essays that respond to the changing terrain of historical studies. Historians have neglected the 1820s, despite its importance in the development of working class radical ideas. There are two books that attempt to remedy this situation: Noel W. Thompson The People’s Science: The popular political economy of exploitation and crisis 1816-34, Cambridge University Press, 1984 and The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850, Pluto Press, 1998.
For the 1816 East Anglia riots, see A.J. Peacock Bread or Blood: a study of the agrarian riots in East Anglia in 1816, Gollancz, 1965 and for 1830 Georges Rude and Eric Hobsbawm Captain Swing, Penguin, 1973. J. P. D. Dunbabin Rural Discontent in Nineteenth Century Britain, Faber, 1975 contains some excellent material on arson as a form of protest. J.E. Archer ‘By a Flash and a Scare’: Incendiarism, animal maiming and poaching in East Anglia 1815-1870, Oxford University Press, 1991 studies Norfolk and Suffolk.
The Reform Act 1832
Michael Brock The Great Reform Act, London, 1973 is the standard work and Eric Evans The Great Reform Act of 1832 1983, 2nd ed., Routledge, 1994 is a short starting point. Robert Pearce The Great Reform Act, Cape, 2003 is an excellent narrative. John Cannon Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 1980 looks at the issue from a longer perspective. Frank O’ Gorman Voters, Patrons and Parties: The Unreformed Electorate of Hanoverian England 1734-1832, Oxford University Press, 1989 examines the vagaries of the pre-reform system. Two books by Norman Gash Politics in the Age of Peel, Harvester, 2nd ed., 1978 and his Reaction and Reconstruction in English Politics 1832-1852, Oxford University Press, 1965 provide the best analyses of the operation of the electoral system after 1832. They should be read in conjunction with David Moore The Politics of Deference, Harvester, 1976 for a difficult but rewarding alternative view. Carlos Flick The Birmingham Political Union and the Movements for Reform in Britain 1830-1839, Dawson, 1978 looks at the middle class position. B.L. Kinzer The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century British Politics, Garland, New York, 1982 is the definitive work on this issue and is relevant for this period. J.H. Philbin Parliamentary Representation, 1832: England and Wales, Yale University Press, 1965 is a neglected study of the immediate impact of reform. Arthur Burns and Joanna Innes (eds.) Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780-1850. Cambridge University Press, 2003 contains several revisionist essays on this period.
Owenism and Trade Unionism
There are three general works on trade unionism in the first half of the nineteenth century that are of value: Alistair J. Reid United We Stand: A History of Britain’s Trade Unions, Allen Lane, 2004, A. Fox History and Heritage: The Social Origins of the British Industrial Relations System, Allen and Unwin, 1985 and A.E. Musson British Trade Unions 1800-1875, Macmillan, 1972. Chris Wrigley ‘The Webbs: Working on Trade Union History’, History Today, (May 1987) examines and analyses the classic work on unionism. John Rule (ed.) British Trade Unionism 1750-1850: The Formative Years, Longman, 1988 is the most recent and valuable study. Harry Browne The Rise of British Trade Unions 1825-1914, Longman, 1979 contains some useful documents. R.G. Kirby and A.E. Musson The Voice of the People: John Doherty 1798-1854, Trade Unionist, Radical and Factory Reformer, Manchester University Press, 1975 is an essential study for the late 20s and 30s. James A. Jaffe Striking a bargain: Work and Industrial Relations in England 1815-65, Manchester University Press, 2000 examines the early development of collective bargaining. Joyce Marlow The Tolpuddle Martyrs, Deutsch, 1971 is a popular work. Anthony Aspinall The Early Trade Unions, 1949 is a valuable collection of documents covering the years between 1791 and 1825.
On Robert Owen, see John Butt (ed.) Robert Owen, prince of cotton spinners, David & Charles, 1971 and Sidney Pollard and John Salt (eds.) Robert Owen: prophet of the poor, Macmillan, 1971. Both were published to mark the two hundredth anniversary of his birth and contain essays covering many facets of his life. J.F.C. Harrison Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: the quest for the new moral world, Routledge, 1969 is a penetrating study of Owenism as a movement and ideology. Barbara Taylor Eve and the New Jerusalem, Virago, 1984 examines the impact of Owenite Socialism on women. Maxine Berg The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy, Cambridge University Press, 1980 and Noel Thompson The People’s Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation and Crisis 1816-1834, Cambridge University Press, 1984, chart the development of anti-capitalist ideas. G. Claeys Machinery, money and the millennium: from moral economy to socialism 1815-1860, Princeton University Press, 1987 and Citizens and saints: Politics and anti-politics in early British socialism, Cambridge University Press, 1989 are major studies of Owenism. Gregory Claeys (ed.) Selected Works of Robert Owen, four volumes, Pickering & Chatto, 1993 contains the most important primary materials.
Radical Politics 1815-1830
Luddism was largely over by 1815 but Malcolm Thomis The Luddites: Machine-breaking in Regency England, David & Charles, 1970 still needs to be consulted, if only for his discussion of the relationship between Luddism and the emergence of the working class. Anthony Randall Before the Luddites: Custom, community and machinery in the English woollen industry 1776-1809, Cambridge University Press, 1991 places Luddism in a longer context and is particularly valuable for its discussion of community and cultural opposition to new technology. There are three valuable critiques of Edward Thompson’s book The Making of the English Working Class, first published in 1963: Bryan Palmer The Making of E.P. Thompson: Marxism, Humanism and History, Toronto, 1981, H.J. Kaye The British Marxist Historians, Polity, 1984, pages 167-220 and H.J. Kaye and D. McClelland E .P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, Polity, 1990.
R.J. White Waterloo to Peterloo, Heinemann, 1957 is a useful, stylist, if rather dated, study of this period. F.O. Darvell Popular Disturbances and Public Order in Regency England, London, 1934, reprinted 1969 is still valuable. They should be read in conjunction with various monographs on specific events. J. Stevens England’s Last Revolution: Pentrich 1817, Moorland Press, 1977 is a detailed local study. There are four contrasting books on Peterloo. Donald Read Peterloo: The ‘massacre’ and its background, Manchester, 1958 provides a clear narrative. R. Walmsley Peterloo: the case reopened, Manchester University Press, 1969 is a detailed study that overreacts in its defence of government, local and national. Joyce Marlow The Peterloo Massacre, London, 1969, is a popular account and R. Reid The Peterloo Massacre, Heinemann, 1989 a more recent narrative. P. Lawson ‘Reassessing Peterloo’, History Today, March 1988 provides valuable insights.
J. A. Hone For the Cause of Truth: Radicalism in London 1796-1821, Oxford University Press, 1982 is a detailed account and should be read in conjunction with Ian Prothero Artisans and Politics in Early Nineteenth Century London, Dawson, 1978. P. Berresford Ellis and Seumas Mac A’ Ghobhainn The Scottish Insurrection of 1820, Gollancz, 1970, reprinted 2003 is the best introduction to a neglected event. On the problem of riots see A. Calder-Marshall ‘The Spa Fields Riots’, History Today, (1971), pages 407-15, S.H. Palmer ‘Before the Bobbies: The Caroline Riots of 1821’, History Today, (1977), pages 637-44. On the revolutionary aspects of the period, see John Stanhope The Cato Street Conspiracy, 1962 and Ian McCalman Radical Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries and Pornographers in London 1795-1840, Cambridge University Press, 1988 and his simpler article ‘Radical Rogues and Blackmailers’, History Today, (May 1988). John Belchem ‘Orator’ Hunt: Henry Hunt and English Working Class Radicalism, Oxford University Press, 1985 is an excellent biography, though his article on the same subject in History Today in March 1985 is simpler.
Marc W. Steinberg Fighting Words: Working-Class Formative Collective Action and Discourse in Early Nineteenth-Century England, Cornell University Press, 1999 examines how discourse determined collective action in the 1820s and 1830s. David Worrall Radical Culture: Discourse, Resistance and Surveillance, 1790-1820, Harvester, 1992 is especially good on ultra-radicals and the Cato Street Conspiracy. James Epstein Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual and Symbol in England, 1790-1850, Oxford University Press, 1994 reprints five of his major essays including the invaluable ‘The Constitutionalist Idiom’ and In Practice: Studies in the Language and Culture of Popular Politics in Modern Britain, Stanford University Press, 2003 reprints six essays that respond to the changing terrain of historical studies. Historians have neglected the 1820s, despite its importance in the development of working class radical ideas. There are two books that attempt to remedy this situation: Noel W. Thompson The People’s Science: The popular political economy of exploitation and crisis 1816-34, Cambridge University Press, 1984 and The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850, Pluto Press, 1998.
For the 1816 East Anglia riots, see A.J. Peacock Bread or Blood: a study of the agrarian riots in East Anglia in 1816, Gollancz, 1965 and for 1830 Georges Rude and Eric Hobsbawm Captain Swing, Penguin, 1973. J. P. D. Dunbabin Rural Discontent in Nineteenth Century Britain, Faber, 1975 contains some excellent material on arson as a form of protest. J.E. Archer ‘By a Flash and a Scare’: Incendiarism, animal maiming and poaching in East Anglia 1815-1870, Oxford University Press, 1991 studies Norfolk and Suffolk.
The Reform Act 1832
Michael Brock The Great Reform Act, London, 1973 is the standard work and Eric Evans The Great Reform Act of 1832 1983, 2nd ed., Routledge, 1994 is a short starting point. Robert Pearce The Great Reform Act, Cape, 2003 is an excellent narrative. John Cannon Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 1980 looks at the issue from a longer perspective. Frank O’ Gorman Voters, Patrons and Parties: The Unreformed Electorate of Hanoverian England 1734-1832, Oxford University Press, 1989 examines the vagaries of the pre-reform system. Two books by Norman Gash Politics in the Age of Peel, Harvester, 2nd ed., 1978 and his Reaction and Reconstruction in English Politics 1832-1852, Oxford University Press, 1965 provide the best analyses of the operation of the electoral system after 1832. They should be read in conjunction with David Moore The Politics of Deference, Harvester, 1976 for a difficult but rewarding alternative view. Carlos Flick The Birmingham Political Union and the Movements for Reform in Britain 1830-1839, Dawson, 1978 looks at the middle class position. B.L. Kinzer The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century British Politics, Garland, New York, 1982 is the definitive work on this issue and is relevant for this period. J.H. Philbin Parliamentary Representation, 1832: England and Wales, Yale University Press, 1965 is a neglected study of the immediate impact of reform. Arthur Burns and Joanna Innes (eds.) Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780-1850. Cambridge University Press, 2003 contains several revisionist essays on this period.
Owenism and Trade Unionism
There are three general works on trade unionism in the first half of the nineteenth century that are of value: Alistair J. Reid United We Stand: A History of Britain’s Trade Unions, Allen Lane, 2004, A. Fox History and Heritage: The Social Origins of the British Industrial Relations System, Allen and Unwin, 1985 and A.E. Musson British Trade Unions 1800-1875, Macmillan, 1972. Chris Wrigley ‘The Webbs: Working on Trade Union History’, History Today, (May 1987) examines and analyses the classic work on unionism. John Rule (ed.) British Trade Unionism 1750-1850: The Formative Years, Longman, 1988 is the most recent and valuable study. Harry Browne The Rise of British Trade Unions 1825-1914, Longman, 1979 contains some useful documents. R.G. Kirby and A.E. Musson The Voice of the People: John Doherty 1798-1854, Trade Unionist, Radical and Factory Reformer, Manchester University Press, 1975 is an essential study for the late 20s and 30s. James A. Jaffe Striking a bargain: Work and Industrial Relations in England 1815-65, Manchester University Press, 2000 examines the early development of collective bargaining. Joyce Marlow The Tolpuddle Martyrs, Deutsch, 1971 is a popular work. Anthony Aspinall The Early Trade Unions, 1949 is a valuable collection of documents covering the years between 1791 and 1825.
On Robert Owen, see John Butt (ed.) Robert Owen, prince of cotton spinners, David & Charles, 1971 and Sidney Pollard and John Salt (eds.) Robert Owen: prophet of the poor, Macmillan, 1971. Both were published to mark the two hundredth anniversary of his birth and contain essays covering many facets of his life. J.F.C. Harrison Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: the quest for the new moral world, Routledge, 1969 is a penetrating study of Owenism as a movement and ideology. Barbara Taylor Eve and the New Jerusalem, Virago, 1984 examines the impact of Owenite Socialism on women. Maxine Berg The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy, Cambridge University Press, 1980 and Noel Thompson The People’s Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation and Crisis 1816-1834, Cambridge University Press, 1984, chart the development of anti-capitalist ideas. G. Claeys Machinery, money and the millennium: from moral economy to socialism 1815-1860, Princeton University Press, 1987 and Citizens and saints: Politics and anti-politics in early British socialism, Cambridge University Press, 1989 are major studies of Owenism. Gregory Claeys (ed.) Selected Works of Robert Owen, four volumes, Pickering & Chatto, 1993 contains the most important primary materials.
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